2008

Kosyakov, B.P. Black holes: Interfacing the classical and the quantum  // Foundations of Physics, 2008, Volume 38, Issue 7, Pages 678 - 694

RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russian Federation

The central idea of this paper is that forming the black hole horizon is attended with the transition from the classical regime of evolution to the quantum one. We offer and justify the following criterion for discriminating between the classical and the quantum: creations and annihilations of particle - antiparticle pairs are impossible in the classical reality but possible in the quantum reality. In flat spacetime, we can switch from the classical picture of field propagation to the quantum picture by changing the overall sign of the spacetime signature. To describe a self - gravitating object at the final stage of its classical evolution, we propose to use the Foldy - Wouthuysen representation of the Dirac equation in curved spacetimes, and the Gozzi classical path integral. In both approaches, maintaining the dynamics in the classical regime is controlled by supersymmetry.

Boitsov, I.^a, Kanashenko, S.^b, Causey, R.^c, Denisov, E.^d, Glugla, M.^e, Grishechkin, S.^a, Hassanein, A.^f, Lebedev, B.^a, Kompaniets, T.^d, Kurdyumov, A.^d, Malkov, I.^a, Yukhimchuk, A.^a  Effect of radiogenic helium on stainless steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti mechanical properties and hydrogen permeability  // Fusion Science and Technology, 2008, Volume 54, Issue 2, Pages 497 - 500

^a  RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russian Federation
^b  Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
^c  Sandia National Laboratories, MS 9161, P.O. Box 969, Livermore, CA 94551 - 0969, United States
^d  V.A. Fock Research Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya st., 1, Peterhof, St. Petersburg 198904, Russian Federation
^e  Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Tritium Laboratory (TLK), PO Box 3640, D 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
^f  Argonne National Laboratory, Bldg. 362, South Cass Avenue, Argonne, 9700, United States

Samples of stainless steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti  with radiogenic helium were subjected to mechanical tests with a constant extension rate. The presence of  ³He does not markedly affect the strength characteristic, but significantly decreases plasticity of steel. The presence of hydrogen enhances the embrittlement of steel, containing ³He. The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen does not change significantly in the presence of helium, but the traps for hydrogen, which occur due to the presence of helium, delay the kinetics of a steady state flux onset at helium concentration of 50 appm.

Musyaev, R.K.^a, Yukhimchuk, A.A.^a, Lebedev, B.S.^a, Busnyuk, A.O.^b, Notkin, M.E.^b, Samartsev, A.A.^b, Livshits, A.I.^b Study of hydrogen isotopes superpermeation through vanadium membrane on " Prometheus " setup  // Fusion Science and Technology, 2008, Volume 54, Issue 2, Pages 523 - 525

^a  RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russian Federation
^b  St. Peterburg State University of Telecommunications ( SUT ), St. Peterburg, Russian Federation

To develop the membrane pumping technology by means of superpermeable membranes at RFNC - VNIIEF in the " Prometheus " setup, the experiments on superpermeation of hydrogen isotopes through metal membranes were carried out. The experimental results on superpermeation of thermal atoms of hydrogen isotopes including tritium through a cylindrical vanadium membrane are presented. The possibility of effective pumping, compression and recuperation of hydrogen isotopes by means of superpermeable membrane was demonstrated. The evaluation of membrane pumping rates and asymmetry degree of pure vanadium membrane was given. The work was performed under the ISTC - 2854 project.

Denisov, E.^a, Kanashenko, S.^b, Causey, R.^c, Grishechkin, S.^d, Glugla, M.^e, Hassanein, A.^f, Kompaniets, T.^a, Kurdyumov, A.^a, Malkov, I.^d, Yukhimchuk, A.^d  Effect of radiogenic helium on stainless steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti structural changes and hydrogen sorption  // Fusion Science and Technology, 2008, Volume 54, Issue 2, Pages 493 - 496

^a  V.A. Fock Research Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya st., 1, Peterhof, St. Petersburg 198904, Russian Federation
^b  Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
^c  Sandia National Laboratories, MS 9161, P.O. Box 969, Livermore, CA 94551-0969, United States
^d  RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russian Federation
^e  Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Tritium Laboratory ( TLK ), PO Box 3640, D 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
^f  Argonne National Laboratory, Bldg. 362, South Cass Avenue, Argonne, 9700, United States

The tritium trick technique was used to build - up radiogenic helium inside stainless steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti ( SS ). A great quantity of defects with a mean diameter of 20 nm, most probably platelet - like bubbles with  ³He  atoms, was observed in ³He - containing samples. The mean density of these bubbles in SS samples containing 75 appm of  ³He  is estimated to be  6В·10²⁰ m^-3. Much larger helium bubbles were observed in SS after annealing the samples at  T  ≥ 1170 K. Thermal release of radiogenic helium occurs at T > 1500 K The presence of  ³He  in structural materials causes the formation of an additional state for hydrogen sorption.

Yukhimchuk, A.A., Il'kaev, R.I. RFNC - VNIIEF experience in development and operation of hydrogen isotopes gas - handling systems for basic research  // Fusion Science and Technology, 2008, Volume 54, Issue 1, Pages 137 - 142

RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russian Federation

Application of hydrogen isotopes in different fields of fundamental physics obtained by RFNC - VNIIEF in the last decade are presented. Gas - handling systems for scientific experiments, some technologies and designs of the setup key elements are described, and results obtained with the developed equipment are outlined.

Babich, L.P., Kudryavtsev, A.Yu., Kudryavtseva, M.L., Kutsyk, I.M. Calculation of a gigantic upward atmospheric discharge, accompanying optical phenomena, and penetrating radiations. II. Numerical simulation results  // Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 2008, Volume 48, Issue 3, Pages 378 - 391

RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russian Federation

Gigantic upward atmospheric discharges have been numerically simulated. The space-time distributions of the self - consistent electric field strength and charged particle densities have been obtained. The brightness, color, and evolution in the space and time of fluorescence above a thundercloud, which agree with the data of field observations of such high - altitude optical phenomena as blue jets and red sprites, have been calculated. It has been indicated that large duration of blue jets results from the emission of a decaying ion plasma of the air. The yields of hard gamma rays and neutrons, generated by upward discharges, have been calculated.

Gitlin, M.S.^a, Golovanov, V.V.^b, Tsvetkov, A.I.^a  Real - time shadow projection millimeter - wave imaging using visible continuum from a slab of the Cs - Xe DC discharge  // IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2008, Volume 36, Issue 4, PART 1, Pages 1398 - 1399

^a  Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
^b  RFNC - VNIIEF, Sarov, Russian Federation

A slab of the positive column of the Cs - Xe dc discharge has been employed as a 2 - D sensor for real - time shadow projection millimeter-wave ( MMW ) imaging. MMW images are converted into visible images using the visible continuum from the plasma slab. Real - time MMW images of some test objects have been successfully obtained by using 35,4 - GHz  MMWs for object illumination.

Buyko, A.M.^a, Zmushko, V.V.^a, Atchison, W.L.^b, Reinovsky, R.E.^b  Results and prospects of material strength studies on electrophysical facilities based on perturbation growth in liner systems  // IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2008, Volume 36, PART 1, Issue 1, Pages 104 - 111

^a   RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Russian Federation
^b  Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States

Data are presented describing refined simulations of perturbation growth in a three - layer cylindrical liner system tested with disk explosive magnetic flux compression generators ( DEMGs ) to study the strength properties of copper and polyethylene at shocklessly applied pressures of up to ~15 GPa. The calculated performance for the same liner system in the experiments to study the strength properties of copper at shockless loading of up to ~40 - GPa pressures is presented. The feasibility of similar strength experiments with quasi -i sentropic material compression to ~2000 GPa using DEMGs is demonstrated.

Borissenok, V.A., Simakov, V.G., Kuropatkin, V.G., Bragunets, V.A., Volgin, V.A., Romaev, V.N., Tukmakov, V.V., Kruchinin, V.A., Lebedeva, A.A., Goncharova, D.R. , Zhernokletov, M.V. A PVDF dynamic pressure gage  // Instruments and Experimental Techniques, 2008, Volume 51, Issue 4, Pages 593 - 601

RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Russian Federation

Technologies for manufacturing and poling the dynamic pressure gage based on ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride polymer are described. Results of theoretical and methodical investigations of the gage and pressure profiles measured with this gage behind the shock wave front in solids are presented.

Tarasov, M.D., Petrushin, O.N., Savel'ev, Ya.A., Tarakanov, M.Yu., Shigaev, Yu.S.  A pulsed ionizing radiation calorimeter  // Instruments and Experimental Techniques, 2008, Volume 51, Issue 3, Pages 489 - 490

RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov, Russian Federation

A calorimeter with a metallic radiation absorber for the pulsed bremsstrahlung dosimetry is described. The absorbed dose is recorded by a wire resistance thermometer or thermocouple, which is installed at one's discretion into the device for measuring the wire resistance or thermal emf. The calorimeter is capable of recording the absorbed dose in metallic absorbers in a 10 - to 10⁶ - Gy  range with a relative error of no more than several percent.