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2011Rosmej O. N.1, Bagnoud V.1, Eisenbarth U.1, Zhidkov N.2, Suslov N.2, Vatulin V.2, SchaferD.3, Nisius Th.3, Rienecker T.4, Wiechula J.4, Zhao Y.5, Borisenko N.6 Experiments on heating of low density CHO - foams by soft X - rays // «High Energy Density Physics with Intense Ion and Laser Beams» ( GSI annual report )1 GSI, Darmstadt, Germany 2 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia 3 University of Applied Science, Remagen, Germany 4 Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany 5 IMP Lanzhou, China 6 Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia In this work we report experimental results on heating of low density CHO - foams layers by means of the Planckian radiation generated in gold hohlraums. Plexiglas (PMMA, C8H8O3) and triacetate cellulose (TAC, C12H16O8) of different volume and areal densities were used as foams materials. The goals of the experimental program were measurements of the absorption properties of foams layers and plasma parameters of the foam targets heated by the Planckian radiation. Rosmej O. N.1, Bagnoud V.1, Eisenbarth U.1, Vatulin V.2, Zhidkov N.2, Suslov N.2, SchaferD.3, Nisius Th.3, Rhienecker T.4, Wiechula J.4, Zhao Y.5 Experiments on conversion of the PHELIX laser light into soft X - rays using a hohlraum scheme // «High Energy Density Physics with Intense Ion and Laser Beams» (GSI annual report) 1 GSI, Darmstadt, Germany 2 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia 3 University of Applied Science, Remagen, Germany 4 Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany 5 IMP Lanzhou, China In experiments on the conversion of the PHELIX laser light into soft X – rays, the Petawatt High - Energy Laser system for Ion beam experiments – «Phelix» (Nd: glass, λ = 1054 nm) was used at the basic frequency. The plasma diagnostics experimental setup includes different types of techniques providing spectral, special and temporal resolution of X-ray radiation. Two pinhole cameras were used to image the hohlraum plasma in X-rays. In the experiment the special and spectral distribution of the hohlraum radiation after transmission through the thin gold foil was measured from the target rear side. In conclusion, a large scale (~ 1,7 mm) uniform X-raysource with the spectrum well approximated by the Planckian radiation distribution was obtained. Measured soft X-ray pulse duration in the photon range of 0,1 - 1 keV was of 5 - 7 ns and equivalent radiation temperature approaches 30 - 40 eV. This corresponds to 30 - 40 J in soft X-rays (60 - 1200 eV) and up to 17% of the laser energy conversion at the basic laser frequency. Safronov K. V., Bessarab A. V., Vikhlyaev D. A., Vladimirov A. G., Gavrilov D. S., Gorbunov A. A., Gorokhov S. A., Kakshin A. G., Loboda E. A., Martsovenko D. I., Mokicheva E. S., Potapov A. V., Pronin V. A., Saprykin V. N., Suslov N. A., Tolstoukhov P. A., Yakutov B. P. Experimental characterisation of charged particle beams accelerated by irradiating thin targets of different materials with ultrashort laser pulses // Quantum electron, 2011, T 41 № 4,С. 373 – 376 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia We present the results of experimental investigation of ion and electron fluxes produced by irradiating thin foils with laser USPs. These experiments were carried out on the Sokol - P laser facility (pulse duration ~ 1 ps, power ~ 20 TW) using lavsan, aluminium, and copper targets of equal thickness ( ~ 5 μm ). Ions were recorded employing Thomson spectrometers and a time – of - flight spectrometer with a silicon semiconductor detector. To record electrons, use was made of electron spectrometers involving the rotation of particle trajectories by 180° in magnetic field. The ionic composition of the charged particle beam was determined and the beam shape was investigated in relation to the target material. Adamenkov A. A., Bakshin V. V., Vyskubenko B. A., Efremov V. I., Il’in S. P., Ilyushin Yu. N., Kolobyanin Yu. V., Kudryashov E. A., Troshkin M. V. Scalable chemical oxygen - iodine laser // Quantum electron, 2011, Т. 41, № 12, С. 1083 – 1086 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia The problem of scaling chemical oxygen - iodine lasers (COILs) is discussed. The results of experimental study of a twisted - aerosol singlet oxygen generator meeting the COIL scalability requirements are presented. The energy characteristics of a supersonic COIL with singlet oxygen and iodine mixing in parallel flows are also experimentally studied. The output power of ~ 7,5 kW, corresponding to a specific power of 230 W cm-2, is achieved. The maximum chemical efficiency of the COIL is ~ 30%. Bel’kov S. A., Sharov O. O. Simulation of experimental investigations of X - ray spectral path lengths on «Iskra – 5» laser facility // Quantum electron, 2011, Т. 41, № 10, С. 901 – 905 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia We describe an improved Slater average - ion model employed in the numerical-theoretical analysis of experimental data, which were obtained in the investigation of X-ray spectral path lengths performed on the «Iskra – 5» laser facility at the All - Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF). The proposed model permits determining the spectral characteristics of the X-ray radiation with an accuracy of a few electronvolts. We outline the results of simulations of experiments with X-ray radiation - heated aluminium and germanium specimens of initial thickness of ~ 0,1 mm, in which absorption lines arising from 1s - 2p transitions in Al and the absorption band arising from 2p - 3d transitions in Ge were recorded. Vatulin V., Eliseev G., Karepov V., Tikhonov A., Kharitonov A. Setting group ranges during simulation of targets on «Iskra – 5» Plant. // «High Energy Density Physics with Intense Ion and Laser Beams» ( GSI annual report ) Russian Federal Nuclear Center – VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia The compression of capsule with all group spectra has been calculated by TRIADA program. The outer surface is a free surface. The incoming light flux is isotropic with equilibrium Planck spectrum, its temperature as function of time is given in tabular form. T = 0,14 KeV is the maximum value of temperature. The number of DT - reactions has been taken as a partion quality criterion Calculations with 16 groups gives us 1,7 + 7 reactions, calculations with 100 groups – 1,6 + 7 reactions. The 16 - group spectrum is considered to be an optimum. Vinogradov A. V., Gaganov V. E., Garanin S. G., Zhidkov N. V., Krotov V. A., Martynenko S. P., Pozdnyakov E. V., Solomatin I. I. Power neodymium - glass amplifier of a repetitively pulsed laser // Quantum electron, 2011, Т. 41, № 11, С. 1037 – 1039 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia A neodymium - glass diode - pumped amplifier with a zigzag laser beam propagation through the active medium was elaborated; the amplifier is intended for operation in a repetitively pulsed laser. An amplifier unit with an aperture of 20 x 25 mm and a ~ 40 cm long active medium was put to a test. The energy of pump radiation amounts to 140 J at a wavelength of 806 nm for a pump duration of 550 μs. The energy parameters of the amplifier were experimentally determined: the small - signal gain per pass ~ 3,2, the linear gain ~ 0,031 cm-1 with a nonuniformity of its distribution over the aperture within 15%, the stored energy of 0,16 – 0,21 J cm-3. The wavefront distortions in the zigzag laser - beam propagation through the active element of the amplifier did not exceed 0,4λ ( λ = 0,63 μm is the probing radiation wavelength ). Buyko A. M., Garanin S. F., Glybin A. M., Gorbachev Yu. N., Duday P. V., Dudin V. I., Zmushko V. V., Ivanova G. G., Ivanovsky A. V., Kraev A. I., Morozov I. V., Morozova I. V., Skobelev A. N., Yakubov V. B., Atchison W. L., Reinovsky R. E., Holtkamp D. B. A disk EMG system for driving impacting liners to ~ 20 km/s // Pulsed Power Conference ( PPC ), 2011 IEEE, С. 1330 – 1335 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia We consider an ALT - 1,2 - like [1, 2] system to deliver up to 60 - 70 MA currents in the liner load and accelerate ~ 20 g/cm cylindrical liners to ~ 20 km/s (ALT - 1,2: ~ 31 MA, ~ 13 g/cm, ~12 km/s). The system is intended for the ALT - 3 experiment to test the efficiency of magnetic implosion of impacting liners and to verify the possibility of shock - wave measurements at up to1 TPa pressures. Pavlinsky M.1, Akimov V.1, Levin V.1, Lapshov I.1, Tkachenko A.1, Semena N.1, Arefiev V.1, Glushenko A.1, Yaskovich A.1, Burenin R.1, Sazonov S.1, Revnivtsev M.1, Buntov M.1, Grebenev S.1, Lutovinov A.1, Kudelin M.1, Grigorovich S.2, Litvin D.2, Lazarchuk V.2, Roiz I.2, Garin M.2, Gubarev M.3, Ramsey B.3, Kilaru K.3, O’Dell S. L.3, Elsner R.3 The ART - XC Instrument on board the SRG Mission // Prociding SPIE 8147, 814706 ( 2011 ) 1 Space Research Institute (Russian Federation) 2 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia 3 NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr. (USA) Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) is an X-ray astrophysical observatory, developed by Russia in collaboration with Germany. The mission will be launched in 2013 from Baikonur, by a Zenit rocket with a Fregat booster and placed in a 6 – month - period halo orbit around L2. The scientific payload consists of two independent telescopes - a soft – X-ray survey instrument, eROSITA, being provided by Germany and a medium – x – ray - energy survey instrument ART - XC being developed by Russia. ART - XC will consist of seven independent, but co - aligned, telescope modules with seven corresponding cadmiumtelluride focal plane detectors. Each will operate over the approximate energy range of 6 - 30 keV, with an angular resolution of 1 arcmin, a field of view of ~ 30 arcmin and an energy resolution about 10% at 14 keV. The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) will fabricate some of the mirror modules, to complement others fabricated by VNIIEF in Russia. Belkov S. A., Kochemasov G. G., Lyubynskaya T. E., Maslov N. V., Nuzhny A. S., Da Silva L. B., Rubenchik A. Optical spectra analysis for breast cancer diagnostics // Applied physics b: lasers and optics, 2011, T. 105, № 3, С. 641 - 648 Minimally invasive probe and optical biopsy system based on optical spectra recording and analysis seem to be a promising tool for early diagnostics of breast cancer. Light scattering and absorption spectra are generated continuously as far as the needle - like probe with one emitting and several collecting optical fibers penetrates through the tissues toward to the suspicious area. That allows analyzing not only the state of local site, but also the structure of tissues along the needle trace. The suggested method has the advantages of automated on - line diagnosing and minimal tissue destruction and in parallel with the conventional diagnostic procedures provides the ground for decision - making. 165 medical trials were completed in Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncology Centre, Russia. Independent diagnoses were the results of fine biopsy and histology. Application of wavelet expansion and clasterization techniques for spectra analysis revealed several main spectral types for malignant and benign tumors. Automatic classification algorithm demonstrated specificity ~ 90% and sensitivity ~ 91%. Large amount of information, fuzziness in criteria and data noisiness make neural networks to be an attractive analytic tool. The model based on three - layer perceptron was tested over the sample of 29 «cancer» and 29 «non – cancer» cases and demonstrated total separation.
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