Issue 3/2010

ABSTRACTS:

UDK 533.7
MICROSCOPIC ELECTRON-OPTICAL RECORDING OF PARTICLE EJECTA FROM FREE SURFACE OF SHOCK-LOADED LEAD / N. V. Nevmerzhitsky, A. L. Mikhailov, V. A. Raevsky, V. S. Sasik, Yu. M. Makarov, E. A. Sotskov, S. A. Abakumov, A. V. Rudnev, V. V. Burtsev, S. A. Lobastov, A. A. Nikulin, E. D. Senkovsky, O. L. Krivonos, A. A. Polovnikov, O. N. Aprelkov // P. 3

The authors present results of microscopic electron-optical recording of particle ejecta from free surface of shock-loaded lead, where the free surface has different roughness levels (Rz80, Rz20, Rz5), after shock wave arrival to the surface at pressure of ~15 GPa. The process was recorded by video camera through a system with relatively high optical magnification coefficient. Short laser pulse (4 ns) was used for illumination of the process. Lead particles with sizes of 3 µm and more were recorded, and their spectrum was depicted.

UDK 621.039; 519.224.2
ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATIONS FOR CALCULATING RANDOM SAMPLING SIZES WITH DEFECTS FOR NUCLEAR MATERIALS CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING / A. M. Zlobin // P. 7

When conducting inspection of fulfillment of the normative requirements to Nuclear Materials Control and Accounting System (NM C&A) of the Operating Organization it is using random NM Confirmatory Measurements, volume of them must be planned in the frame of the preparing and conducting control inspections and physical inventories.
In general random sampling sizes are calculating by using computer codes (for example, Spotcheck). For calculating random sampling sizes in the Material Balance Area (MBA) it is convenient to use analytical approximations. At present it is often employed well-known analytical formula for calculating random sampling sizes, depending on the probability Р₀ and «inadmissible» defects number D₀. Unfortunately this formula is correct only for the random samples without defects. Nevertheless in the frame of the sampling inspections defects may be found out without violating normative NM C&A criterions.
In the present paper two approximate formulas for calculating random sampling sizes with one or two defects are obtained on the base of estimating statistical hypotheses. The formulas allow finding sampling sizes necessary for testing fulfillment of the normative NM C&A criterions with calculator only, without using computer codes, in a wide range of the system sizes and with a high accuracy.

UDK 532.4
SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR EQUATION OF STATE OF METALS WITH EFFECTIVE CONSIDERATION OF IONIZATION. PART 1. MODEL DESCRIPTION / D. G. Gordeev, L. F. Gudarenko, A. A. Kayakin,V. G. Kudelkin // P. 19

Described here is a semi-empirical model of equation of state for metal thermodynamic properties description in a wide range of states. The effect on the character of thermodynamic functions of electronic gas and ionization degeneracy minimization is taken into proper consideration in components taking into account the contribution to pressure and energy of thermally excited electrons. Debye model describes atom contribution at low temperatures. The transition to the model of ideal monatomic gas is realized as temperature grows.

UDK 532.4
SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR EQUATION OF STATE OF METALS WITH EFFECTIVE CONSIDERATION OF IONIZATION. PART 2. ALUMINUM EQUATION OF STATE / D. G. Gordeev, L. F. Gudarenko, A. A. Kayakin, V. G. Kudelkin // P. 26

Given here are Al equation of state computation results using the model from Part 1 (see p. 19–25 of the present publication). The range of applicability of the model is shown by the example of experimental and calculated data describing thermodynamic properties of this metal using the equation of state. Equation of state results are compared with other models results: Thomas-Fermi with Kirzhnits–Kalitkin corrections; Thomas–Fermi–Dirac; Thomas–Fermi–Dirac–Weizacker, Saha, etc.

UDK 532.542.4
OVERLAP OF TWO PARALLEL ZONES OF TURBULENT MIXING MADE DUE BY KELVIN – HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY / V. M. Ktitorov, O. G. Sin'kova, G. S. Firsova, Yu. V. Yanilkin // P. 35

We consider overlap of two turbulent mixing zones; each of them was made by widening of tangential break due to Kelvin – Helmholtz instability. We calculated speed of growth of the united mixing zone using direct numerical modeling. The calculations were performed using the following numerical codes: EGAK in 2D-simulation and TREK in 3D-simulation. We proved that the speed of growth of the unified mixing zone is lower than one in a self-similar case. We proved as well that value of time interval, which is necessary for settling the self-similar regiment is much more than time value that we had in the calculations.

UDK 534.222.2:531.3:536.424
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN SHOCK COMPRESSED POTASSIUM CHLORIDE AND α-QUARTZ FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY / L. A. Egorov, V. V. Mohova // P. 39

In the report results of registration x-ray diffraction pictures of shock compressed potassium chloride and α-quartz samples for an estimation of possible physical condition of substance in field of coexistence of phases and time influence relaxation process on position of experimental points of Hugoniot curve in this area are used. Experimental results will be co-ordinated with interpretation in which on the transitive curve connecting curves Hugoniot of an initial phase and a phase of a high pressure, it is possible to present a substance condition as a condition with not finished relaxation process. Incompleteness degree is defined by the relation of time of stay of substance on shock front by full time relaxation process.

UDK 546.799.4
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS OF PLUTONIUM AND  KINETICS OF ITS INTERACTION WITH HYDROGEN / P. G. Berezhko, A. A. Kuznetsov // P. 42

We are trying to answer the next question: can a phase transformation in a coupon of bulk unalloyed plutonium activated preliminary by means of heat treatment in vacuum influence upon the rate of reaction between plutonium with hydrogen gas? It means here an influence of the phase transformation on the reaction kinetics that is similar to the influence described by Hedvall effect. We have found a partial answer to this question in Bowersox‛s work (D. F. Bowersox, LASL Report LA-5515-MS, 1974). According to this report, in the reaction between Pu and D₂ the proximities of the maxima of rate constants at 125 and 210 °C to the α–ß and ß–γ transition points of Pu are observed accordingly. In the temperature range 335–605 °C the influence of Pu phase transformations on the reaction rate is expressed less distinctly. Just one coincidence of the rate constant maximum
at 460 with δ–δ‛ transformation point is marked in this temperature range.

UDK 531.51
NEW APPROACH TO THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE IN GENERAL RELATIVITY / M. V. Gorbatenko, T. M. Gorbatenko // P. 46

There are five treatments for the Equivalence Principle in General Relativity. We analyse the treatments to clarify they are consistent one to other or not. It’s find out that a consistency exists for all treatments exclude that in with a trajectory of a probe particle identifies with geodesic line. A dependency of a world path of a probe particles vs an existence of particle spin can change exist views about a character of moving of particles near singularities of gravitational field.